Continuous Processes in Small-Scale Manufacture

From Small Batch to Large-scale Continuous Processes

T he chemical process industries are probably the least understood of all manufacturing sectors, largely because few final products are sold directly to consumers. The chemical process industries are perhaps best summarized by the BASF ad: “We don’t make the products you buy, we make the products you buy, better.” A consumer who purchases an automobile generally has some appreciation for the se...

Small Scale Processes in the Solar Wind

Laser processes for MEMS manufacture

This paper discusses the use of excimer lasers in the manufacture of microelectromechanical devices and systems. With emphasis on two application areas: laser micromachining of polymer masters for replication in metal by electroplating (Laser-LIGA), and laser-assisted manipulation of microparts for hybrid assembly. As a master fabrication method, laser micromachining offers advantages over conv...

Modeling of Particulate Processes for the Continuous Manufacture of Solid-Based Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms

The objective of this work is to present a review of computational tools and models for pharmaceutical processes, specifically those for the continuous manufacture of solid dosage forms. Relevant mathematical methods and simulation techniques are discussed, as is the development of process models for solids-handling unit operations. Continuous processing is of particular interest in the current...

On the simulation of continuous in scale universal multifractals, part I: Spatially continuous processes

Cascade processes generically lead to multifractal fields and have been used for simulating turbulent systems including clouds, rain, temperature, passive scalars and the wind as well as for solid earth fields such as rock density, magnetization and topography. In spite of their importance, most applications use primitive discrete scale ratio processes which singularize scales which are integer...